![]() ![]() 9, Bringing Animals & Animal Products into the United States, for more details. Travelers should avoid the temptation to adopt stray animals from abroad, because the animals’ medical history often is unknown, behavioral screening is incomplete or inaccurate, and the animal might be infected or incubating a disease not found in the United States. For example, a 60-year-old man visiting Morocco was scratched on the face by a dog, became sick with rabies, and died. ![]() Saliva from these animals can be contaminated so heavily with pathogens that a bite might not be required to cause human infection, and exposures can occur through cuts, scratches, or mucous membranes. Paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza type 2 virus, Mapuera, Menangle, Nipah, Hendra)Ĭoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS)Īvian influenza (highly pathogenic) in humansīites from certain mammals encountered during foreign travel (bats, cats, dogs, monkeys, and rodents) present a risk for serious infection. >200 bat-associated viruses (almost all RNA) Table 4-07 Animal reservoirs & mechanisms / routes of human exposure to zoonotic diseases & pathogens 1 Table 4-07 highlights groups of animals that are common reservoirs and routes of transmission of zoonotic diseases. Travelers should be aware that attacks by domestic animals are far more common than attacks by wildlife, and secondary infections of wounds can result in serious illness or death. Free-roaming (stray) dogs are also common in many destinations and do not behave like pet dogs. Any animal (domestic or wild) can attack if it feels threatened, is protecting its young or territory, or is injured or ill. The normal flora of poultry, reptiles, and ruminants can cause serious infections in humans, and rodents, bats, and nonhuman primates can be carriers of disease. People coming from areas where dangerous reptiles do not exist, for example, do not necessarily recognize the risk posed when they visit places where reptiles can threaten human health.Īnimals do not have to be sick to be a risk to humans. International travelers might encounter familiar animals (e.g., dogs and cats) that demonstrate unfamiliar behavior, and unfamiliar animals that can be venomous, toxic, or aggressive. Author(s): Kendra Stauffer, Ryan Wallace, G. ![]()
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